1914 Shimla Agreement Upsc

India believes that when the McMahon Line was created in 1914, Tibet was a weak but independent country, so it has every right to negotiate a border agreement with any country. After India, when the McMahon Line was drawn, Tibet was not ruled by China. Therefore, the McMahon Line is the clear and legal border between India and China. A draft convention was signed by the three countries on April 27, 1914, but China immediately rejected it. [4] [5] On 3 July 1914, a slightly revised agreement was again signed, but only by Great Britain and Tibet. The Chinese attorney, Ivan Chen, refused to sign it. [5] [6] The British and Tibetan plenipotentiaries then attached a bilateral statement stating that the convention was binding on itself and that China would be denied any privilege under the convention. [7] [8] This article describes the border dispute between the two countries. It began in 1914 and continues after more than a hundred years. But the most recent collision was the deadliest after 1967.

Let us move on to past incidents on the issue of borders. Also on 8 August 1914, the British Foreign Office informed the Chinese Ambassador that the Simla Convention or the agreement between Great Britain, China and Tibet[1] was an ambiguous treaty on the status of Tibet[2] negotiated in Simla in 1913 and 1914 by representatives of the Republic of China, Tibet and the United Kingdom. Made in Simla on July 3, 1914, which corresponds to the Tibetan date, the 10th day of the 5th month of the Year of The Wood. The two maps (April 27, 1914 and July 3, 1914), which illustrate the borders, bear the entire handwriting of the Tibetan agent; the first also bears the full manuscript of the Chinese agent; the second bears the full signature with the seals of the Tibetan and British agents. (see Photographic reproductions of the two maps in the Atlas of India`s northern border, New Delhi: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1960) The border between Tibet and India was negotiated privately in Simla between representatives of Great Britain and Tibet, in the absence of the Chinese representative. At the Simla conference, a map of the Tibet-India border was made available as an appendix to the proposed agreement. [16] [15] [a] [c] From the signing of the Simla Convention on July 3, 1914, to January 23, 1959, when Prime Minister Zhou wrote a letter to Nehru, the Chinese never formally challenged the McMahon line; Although they had many opportunities to do so.